A Study of Religious and Political Behaviors of Hanafi Citizens: A Case Study of Gorgan

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

PhD Graduate in Comparative Studies of Islamic Denominations, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran,

Abstract

The relationship between religion and politics is one of the most controversial issues in the field of political and religious thought. Considering that the Hanafi School constitutes a significant part of the population of Golestan province and Gorgan city, the purpose of this study is to investigate the religious and political behaviors of Hanafi citizens in Gorgan city. The research has been done using documentary as well as descriptive survey methods. Data was collected by field method through the questionnaire. The statistical sample size in this study was determined using Cochran's formula of 200 people who were Sunni respondents. To select the sample, a multi-stage sampling method with stratified random sampling was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the religious behaviors and the political behaviors of followers of Hanafi jurisprudence, that is, the greater the religiosity of individuals, the greater their political participation and behavior.

Keywords


Al-Zahabi, Mohammad ibn Ahmad. 1994. Seyr Alam al-Nobala (Lives of the Noble Figures), Beirut: Al-Resalah Institute. [in Arabic]
Anbarmu, Mansur. 2020. "Shenakhtshenasi Salafigari dar Iran, Motaleeh Moredi: Barresi Ruykard Jaryan-hay Mazhabi Ahl Sonnat Keshwar (Epistemology of Salafism in Iran, Case Study: Review of the Approach of Sunni Religious Movements)", in: History of Islam and Iran, vol. 30 (47), pp. 173-198. [in Farsi]
Azkiya, Mostafa. 2011. Rawesh-hay Karbordi Tahghigh (Applied Research Methods), Tehran: Ney, Sixth Edition, vol. 2. [in Farsi]
Bagheri Ahmadabadi, Mohammad Reza. 1998. Barresi Awamel Moathther bar Mosharekat Siyasi Jawanan Shahr Shiraz (Investigating the Effective Factors on the Political Participation of the Youth of Shiraz), Master's Thesis, Supervisor: Ali Asghar Moghaddas, Shiraz: Shiraz University. [in Farsi]
Barzegar, Nosrat; Lotfi, Heydar; Hasanabadi, Dawud; Razawiyan, Mohammad Taghi. 2019. "Naghsh Siyasat-hay Ghomi wa Mazhabi dar Mosharekat Aghwam dar Amniyat, Toseeh Hamehjanebeh wa Hamgerayi ba Takid bar Torkaman-hay Shomal wa Shomal Shargh Iran (The Role of Ethnic and Religious Policies in Ethnic Participation in Security, Comprehensive Development and Convergence with Emphasis on the Turkmen of Northern and Northeastern Iran), in: Geography: Regional Planning, yr. 9, no. 34, pp. 433-455. [in Farsi]
Berenjkar, Reza. 2003. Ashnayi ba Feragh wa Mazaheb Islami (A Companion to Islamic Sects and Denominations), Qom: Taha Book, Fifth Edition. [in Farsi]
Bigdeli, Mohammad Reza. 1990. Torkaman-hay Iran (Turkmen of Iran), Tehran: Pasargad. [in Farsi]
Faghihi, Ali Asghar. 1987. Wahabiyan (Wahhabis), Tehran: Saba, Third Edition. [in Farsi]
Farmaniyan, Mahdi. 2008. Ashnayi ba Feragh Tasannon (Introduction to Sunni Sects), Qom: Seminary Management Center. [in Farsi]
Ganji, Ghorbanali; Seraylu, Hasan; Talebi, Yadollah. 2012. "Barresi Rabeteh Miyan Dindari wa Mosharekat Siyasi: Motaleeh Moredi Daneshjuyan Daneshgah Azad Islami Mashahd (Investigating the Relationship between Religiosity and Political Participation: A Case Study of Islamic Azad University Students in Mashhad)", in: Political Studies, yr. 5, no. 17, pp. 143-166. [in Farsi]
Gol, Aminollah. 1987. Tarikh Siyasi wa Ejtemai Torkaman-ha (Political and Social History of the Turkmen), Tehran: Publication of Science. [in Farsi]
Greeley, A. 1997. “The Other Civic American, Religion and Social Capital”, in: The American Prospect, no. 32, pp. 68-73.
Haddad Adel, Gholam Ali. 2002. Daneshnameh Jahan Islam (Encyclopedia of the Islamic World), Tehran: Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation. [in Farsi]
Hoseynzadeh, Ramezan; Sharifi, Nur al-Din. 2014. "Barresi Awamel Moathther bar Roshd Eghtesad Ostan Golestan ba Takid bar Naghsh Atharat Sarrizi wa Bazkhordi Mantaghei: Tahlil Dadeh-Setandeh Do Mantagheyi (Investigating the Factors Affecting the Economic Growth of Golestan Province with Emphasis on the Role of Regional Overflow and Feedback Effects: A Two-Region Data-Output Analysis)", in: Economic Growth and Development Research, no. 15, pp. 11-24. [in Farsi]
Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mohammad. 2009. Moghaddameh Ibn Khaldun (Introduction of Ibn Khaldun), Translated by Mohammad Parwin Gonabadi, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural. [in Arabic]
Ibrahimnejad, Mohammad. 2014. Daesh: Dolat Islami Aragh wa Sham (ISIL: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), Qom: Media House of Ahl al-Bayt School (AS).
Imam Jomehzadeh, Seyyed Jawad; Mahmud Oghlu, Reza; Isanejad, Omid. 2010. "Barresi Rabeteh Dindari wa Mosharekat Siyasi Daneshjuyan (Investigating the Relationship between Religiosity and Students' Political Participation)", in: Research Letter of Political Science, no. 21, pp. 7-34. [in Farsi]
Jones-Correa, M.; Leal, D. 2001. "Political Participation: Does Religion Matter?", in: Political Research Quarterly, no. 54, pp. 751–770.
Keshawarz, Zahra Sadat; Rabbani Khorasgani, Ali; Yazdkhasti, Bahjat. 2015. "Barresi Tathir Dindari bar Gerayesh be Raftar Entekhabati Shahrwandan Isfahani ba Takid bar Nezam Mardom Salari Dini (Investigating the Effect of Religiosity on the Tendency to Electoral Behavior of Isfahani Citizens with Emphasis on Religious Democracy)", in: Applied Sociology, no. 58, pp. 17-40. [in Farsi]
Khoshfar, Gholam Reza; et al. 2008. "Naghsh Sarmayeh Ejtemai bar Mosharekat dar Ejra-hay Martadari Barasas Didgah-hay Mojriyan In Tarh-ha, Motaleeh Moredi Marate Baladeh Shomal Iran) (The Role of Social Capital on Participation in Rangeland Management Based on the Views of the Implementers of This Project, Case Study: Baladeh Rangelands in Northern Iran)", in: Rangeland, yr. 3, no. 1, pp. 121-137. [in Farsi]
Macaluso, Theodore F.; Wanat, John. 1979. "Voting Turnout & Religiosity", in: Polity, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 158-169.
Naebi, Hoshang; Mirzayi, Mahdi. 2021. "Tabyin Rabeteh No‘ Dindari ba No‘ Farhang Siyasi, Motaleeh Moredi: Shahr Tehran (Explaining the Relationship between the Type of Religiosity and the Type of Political Culture, Case Study: Tehran)", in: Politics (Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences), yr. 48, no. 2, pp. 413-512. [in Farsi]
No‘i Baghban, Seyyed Morteza; Agha Hoseyni, Seyyed Ali Reza; Imam Jomehzadeh, Seyyed Jawad. 2014. "Barresi Tathir Dindari Daruni wa Biruni bar Ensejam Melli, Motaleeh Moredi: Shahrwandan Shahr Mashhad (Investigating the Effect of Internal and External Religiosity on National Cohesion, Case Study: Citizens of Mashhad), in: Socio-cultural Strategy, yr. 4, no. 14, pp. 163-183. [in Farsi]
Nurizad, Nur Mohammad. 2015. "Entezar (Awaiting)", at: www.isna.ir/news/8206-05925
Rabbani Golpaygani, Ali. 1998. Feragh wa Mazaheb Kalami (Theological Sects and Denominations), Qom: World Center of Islamic Sciences. [in Farsi]
Rahimi, Seyyed Dariyush. 2009. Barresi wa Naghd Salafiyeh dar Shomal Afrigha (Review and Critique of Salafism in North Africa), Thesis of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Supervisor: Mahdi Farmaniyan, Advisor: Ahmad Abedi, Third Level Student of Qom seminary. [in Farsi]
Rezayi, Faramarz; Chitsaz, Mohammad Ali; Behyan, Shapur. 2021. "Tabyin Jameshenakhti Awamel Mortabet ba Bitafawoti Siyasi ba Takid bar Dindari, Mored Motaleeh: Shahrwandan Shahr Ahwaz) (Sociological Explanation of Factors Related to Political Indifference with Emphasis on Religiosity, Case Study: Citizens of Ahwaz)", in: Sociological Research, yr. 15, no. 1, pp. 7-29. [in Farsi]
Sakhawi, Mohammad ibn Abd al-Rahman; Saleh Ahmad, Ali; Franz, Rosenthal. 1931. Al-Elan be al-Tawbikh le Man Zamma al-Tarikh (Announcing a Reprimand for Someone Who Vilifies History), Beirut: Scientific Books House. [in Arabic]
Sarukhani, Bagher. 2008. Rawesh-hay Tahghigh dar Olum Ejtemai (Research Methods in Social Sciences), Tehran: University of Tehran, Ninth Edition, vol. 2. [in Farsi]
Shahkubi, Ismail. 2011. "Barresi Naghsh Eghlim dar Barnamehrizi Gardeshgari Ostan Golestan (Investigating the Role of Climate in Tourism Planning in Golestan Province)", in: Geographical Information, no. 79, pp. 52-57. [in Farsi]
Sobhani, Jafar. 1991. Bohuth fi al-Melal wa al-Nehal (A Companion to Nations and Schools), Qom: Seminary Management Center, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Soltani, Abd al-Zaher. 2016. Ahl Sonnat Iran: Forsat-ha wa Chalesh-ha (Sunnis of Iran: Opportunities and Challenges), Piranshahr: Aras. [in Farsi]
Taleban, Mohammad Reza; Mirzayi, Mahdi. 2010. "Barresi Tajrobi Ertebat Sotuh Dindari ba Raftar Entekhabati Daneshjuyan (Experimental Study of the Relationship between Levels of Religiosity and Students' Electoral Behavior)", in: Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, yr. 2, no. 2, pp. 33-68. [in Farsi]
Walinejad, Nurollah. 2015. Wagheeh 5 Azar, Sanad Dindari wa Welayatmadari Mardom Gorgan Ast (The Incident of 5 Azar is a Proof of Religiosity and Guardianship-centeredness of the People of Gorgan), at: www.mehrnews.com/news/2974263