This article presents a comparative study of the concept of reincarnation in the Manichaean religion and Buddhism, aiming to shed light on the intellectual and religious interactions between these two traditions through their teachings on life after death and the transmigration of souls (reincarnation).The Manichaean religion embraces the concept of reincarnation, or zadmord, which refers to the transfer of the soul from one body to another after death.In this belief system, reincarnation is particularly significant for the Nyoshagans (ordinary followers), who, due to their failure to achieve spiritual perfection, remain bound to the cycle of repeated births until they ultimately attain salvation.Similarly, Buddhism discusses the cycle of life and death, known as samsara, which parallels reincarnation in Manichaeism but highlights the absence of a permanent self or fixed soul within this cycle.This study examines both supportive and opposing perspectives on the influence of Buddhism on Manichaeism. Some researchers argue that Mani’s journey to India and his encounter with Buddhism introduced the concept of reincarnation into Manichaean teachings. Conversely, others refute this claim, asserting that the origins of reincarnation in Manichaeism should be traced to Gnostic traditions and other regional religious influences.By analyzing Manichaean and Buddhist texts and materials, the study finds that although both traditions incorporate the concept of reincarnation, they exhibit significant differences in meaning and function. In Manichaeism, reincarnation is framed as part of the soul’s liberation and return to divine light. In contrast, Buddhism sees the ultimate goal as escaping the cycle of samsara and attaining nirvana.