نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری ادیان و عرفان، دانشکده الاهیات، فلسفه و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه ادیان و عرفان، دانشکده الاهیات، فلسفه و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 استاد گروه الاهیات، فلسفه و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار گروه الاهیات، فلسفه و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The destruction of the Second Temple led to the collapse of the Jewish community. Then successive rebellions and defeats, while Jews were awaiting the promised Messiah and salvation in Apocalypse, led to their massacre, captivity, and exile resulting in frustration and apostasy. In the meantime, intending to hearten the disappointed people and save Judaism, the rabbis expressed the narratives of life after death under the influence of their Zoroastrian neighbors in a new way to strengthen the belief among the devastated Jewish people that the oppressors will be punished for their deeds and the righteous and the oppressed will be rewarded. The comparison of early Jewish religious texts, including the Dead Sea Scrolls, with the first written Jewish texts in the Middle Ages, confirms the change in the way of expressing beliefs about life after death; heaven and hell; and the dualities of good and evil, God and Satan. The dualities began after the Babylonian exile and the destruction of the First Temple. They intensified in the period after the destruction of the Second Temple following the frustrations caused by the failed rebellions and during the compilation of the Talmud. These changes can be explained according to historical reasons, including living in the vicinity and under Iranian governments, the monotheism of Zoroastrian religions, and the behavior of Iranians with Jews in exile
کلیدواژهها [English]