ملکوت در انجیل توماس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش‌آموخته دکتری رشته ادیان و عرفان تطبیقی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/jrr.2024.350512.2056

چکیده

انجیل توماس یکی از کشفیات کتابخانه «نجع حمادی» است که توجه بسیاری از محققان چند دهه اخیر را به خود جلب کرده است. هرچند برخی از آبای کلیسا آن را بدعت‌آمیز دانسته‌اند؛ اما بیشتر پژوهشگران آن را متنی اصیل مربوط به صدر مسیحیت می‌دانند که دربرگیرندۀ سخنان اصیل عیسای ناصری و آموزه‌های باطنی اوست. این انجیل غیررسمی با وجود شباهت‌ها با سایر متون رسمی مسیحیت، به علّت منظرگاه الهیاتی‌اش تفاوت‌های اساسی‌ای نیز دارد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از عبارات انجیل توماس به یکی از تفاوت‌های مهم یعنی مفهوم «ملکوت» پرداخته شده است. انجیل توماس برای تشریح مفهوم ملکوت از تشبیهات فراوانی مانند خردل، آتش، خمیر مایه و شبان استفاده کرده است که ضمن آنها بر خلاف اناجیل رسمی، بیان می‌شود ملکوت نه امری آخرالزمانی، بلکه مفهومی غیرتاریخی، اینجا و اکنون و درونی است. انجیل توماس ملکوت را متعلّق به پدر و دست‌یافتنی می‌داند که از آنِ فقرایی است که در پی مقصود به طلب و جستجو برآمده‌اند و موفّق به خودشناسی شده‌اند؛ سالکانی که مانند کودکان، لباس انانیّت را زیر پا لگدمال می‌کنند و با یکپارچه‌کردن درون و بیرون و رفع تضادهای درونی خود به وحدت رسیده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Kingdom in the Gospel of Thomas

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehran Rahbari
PhD, Comparative Religions and Mysticism, Faculty of Law, Department of Theology and Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Gospel of Thomas, a recent discovery within the Nag Hammadi Library, has captured the attention of scholars in recent decades. While some Church leaders consider it heretical, most researchers regard it as an authentic text from early Christianity, containing genuine words attributed to Jesus the Nazarene and his esoteric teachings. This unofficial gospel, despite its similarities to official Christian texts, reveals fundamental theological differences. In this study, we utilize passages from the Gospel of Thomas to highlight one such distinction concerning the concept of the "Kingdom." To clarify the notion of the "Kingdom," this gospel employs various analogies, including mustard, fire, dough, and shepherd. Unlike the official gospels, it asserts that the Kingdom is not an apocalyptic entity but rather a non-historical concept—something present in the here and now, something internal. The Gospel of Thomas posits that the Kingdom belongs to the Father and is accessible to the poor who earnestly pursue the goal of self-awareness. These are wayfarers who, akin to children, trample selfishness beneath their feet, uniting the inner and outer realms to overcome internal conflicts and achieve unity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nagaa Hammadi
  • Gospel of Thomas
  • early Christianity
  • Kingdom
  • unity

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